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--- chrysophyllum_cainito_l [2015/05/06 15:58] – andreas
+++ chrysophyllum_cainito_l [2026/01/08 17:08] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Chrysophyllum cainito L. - Sapotaceae - star apple, caimito tree, caimito (span.), **Sternapfel**
-Evergreen tree, up to 2om high, native to the Caribbean, naturalized and cultivated in Central America and Southeast Asia; leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, entire, upper side glabrous, abaxially golden-brown; flowers tiny, purplish white, sweet fragrant; fruit globose, usually purple to black (or red, brown, greenish-yellow). The edible fruit pulp is white, soft, and milky.
+Evergreen tree, up to 20m high, native to Central America, naturalized and cultivated in Caribbean and Southeast Asia; leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, entire, upper side glabrous, abaxially golden-brown; flowers tiny, purplish white, sweet fragrant; fruit globose, usually purple to black (or red, brown, greenish-yellow). The edible fruit pulp is white, soft, and milky.
-One hundred and four compounds were identified in the aroma concentrate from C. cainito fruits growing in Cuba, "... of which (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, limonene, linalool, α-copaene and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the major constituents. The presence of many terpenic compounds is thought to contribute to the unique flavour of the star apple fruit." \\
+"The fruits are delicious as a fresh dessert fruit; it is sweet and best served chilled. Infusions of the leaves have been used against diabetes and articular rheumatism. The fruit has anti-oxidant properties. The bark is considered a tonic and stimulant, and a bark decoction is used as an antitussive." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysophyllum_cainito|wikipedia]]
+Of the 104 compounds identified in the aroma concentrate from C. cainito fruits growing in Cuba, major volatile constituents were (E)-2-hexenal, limonene, α-copaene, hexadecanoic acid, hexanol, linalool, cyclohexyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl benzoate. Terpenoids comprised the largest class of volatiles (36.4%). \\
 [Volatile constituents of star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) from Cuba., Pino, J., Marbot, R., Rosado, A., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.17(5), 2002, 401-403]
-The fruits contain polyphenolic antioxidants, mainly (−)-epicatechin, but also (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, myricitrin, and gallic acid. \\
+The fruits contain polyphenolic antioxidants, mainly (-)-epicatechin, but also (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, myricitrin, and gallic acid. \\
 [Polyphenolic antioxidants from the fruits of Chrysophyllum cainito L.(star apple)., Luo, X.D., Basile, M.J., Kennelly, E.J., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.50(6), 2002, 1379-1382]
+"Chrysophyllum cainito is most closely related to a clade containing Central and South American C. argenteum, including subsp. panamense. We hypothesize that caimito is native to southern Mesoamerica and was domesticated from multiple wild populations in Panama. Subsequent migration into northern Mesoamerica and the Antilles was mediated by human cultivation." \\
+[Origins and close relatives of a semi-domesticated neotropical fruit tree: Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae)., Petersen, J.J., Parker, I.M., Potter, D., American journal of botany, Vol.99(3), 2012, 585-604]
 Main sugars (330mg/g d.w.) of ripe fruits from Thailand were maltose (113mg/g), glucose (99mg/g), and fructose (117mg/g). \\
-[Phytochemicals, vitamin C and sugar content of Thai wild fruits., Kubola, J., Siriamornpun, S., Meeso, N., Food Chemistry, Vol.126(3), 2011, 972-981] \\
+[Phytochemicals, vitamin C and sugar content of Thai wild fruits., Kubola, J., Siriamornpun, S., Meeso, N., Food Chemistry, Vol.126(3), 2011, 972-981] [[http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/1/Ts-1%20phytochemicals,%20vitamin%20c%20and%20sugar%20content%20of%20thai%20wild%20fruits.pdf|PDF]]
-[[http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/1/Ts-1%20phytochemicals,%20vitamin%20c%20and%20sugar%20content%20of%20thai%20wild%20fruits.pdf]]
-{{:chrysophyllum_cainito1.jpg?500}} \\
+{{:chrysophyllum_cainito1.jpg?700}} \\
-Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 58 [ser. 2, vol. 5]: t. 3072 (1831) [W.J. Hooker] \\
+Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol.58 [ser.2, vol.5] t.3072 (1831) [W.J.Hooker] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=240774|plantgenera.org]]
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=240774]]
-{{:chrysophyllum_cainito.jpg?600}}
+{{:chrysophyllum_cainito.jpg}} \\
-picture source [[https://zoom50.wordpress.com/2011/03/07/caimitostar-apple-chrysophyllum-cainito/|Zoom's Edible Plants]]
+Chrysophyllum cainito © [[https://zoom50.wordpress.com/2011/03/07/caimitostar-apple-chrysophyllum-cainito/|Zoom's Edible Plants]]