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--- chrysopogon_zizanioides_l._roberty [2021/03/01 08:17] – andreas
+++ chrysopogon_zizanioides_l._roberty [2021/05/27 07:47] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 24: / Zeile 24: @@
 [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 291-295]
-|{{:khusimone.jpg|}} \\ khusimone \\ //(vetiver-like, grapefruit, flowery)// | {{:vetivone_alpha.jpg| α-vetivone }} \\ α-vetivone \\ //(vetiver, grapefruit-like, fruity)// | {{:vetivone_beta.jpg| β-vetivone }} \\ β-vetivone \\ //(woody-vetiver or lime-like, hesperidic, rosy, exotic fruit)// |
+|{{:khusimone.jpg|}} \\ khusimone \\ //(vetiver-like, grapefruit, flowery)// | {{:vetivone_alpha.jpg| α-vetivone }} \\ α-vetivone (isonootkatone) \\ //(vetiver, grapefruit-like, fruity)// | {{:vetivone_beta.jpg| β-vetivone }} \\ β-vetivone \\ //(woody-vetiver or lime-like, hesperidic, rosy, exotic fruit)// |
 "Although it originates in India, vetiver is widely cultivated in the tropical regions around the world. The world’s major producers include Haiti, India, Indonesia’s Java and the French island Réunion. α-Vetivone (CAS# 15764-04-2; (4R,4aS)-4,4a-dimethyl-6-propan-2-ylidene-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-one) has a warm pleasant powerful odor while β-vetivone (CAS# 18444-79-6; (5R,10R)-6,10-dimethyl-2-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one) has a quinolinelike, fruity (cassis, grapefruit) aroma with a woody by-note." \\
@@ Zeile 52: / Zeile 52: @@
 "The characterization of the odour-active constituents of VEO [vetiver essential oil] is another example of a task that is particularly difficult when dealing with such complex materials. It obviously should be based on as complete as possible knowledge of the chemical composition, but it is also necessary that the sensorial analyses use samples of constituents at their highest state of olfactory purity. A good example of the difficulty of these determinations is furnished inter alia by the odorant activity of vetiselinenol. The Weyerstahl studies on essential oils are undoubtedly the most extensive analytical investigations ever conducted on complex oils, but despite his efforts to characterize the structures and the odour of many of VEO constituents, he attributed a ‘Woody, vetiver, cedar, ambra-like’ note to this ‘strong smelling component’ and reported that, with khusimol and (E)-isovalencol, it was ‘responsible for the base note’. When a high-resolution approach such as GC-O was used, vetiselenenol proved to be odourless for all of the panelists, and khusimol had apparently a much lower olfactory contribution to the whole oil than many other constituents, such as ziza-6(13)-ene-3-one and 2-epi-ziza-6(13)-ene-3-one." \\
 [Volatile constituents of vetiver: a review., Belhassen, E., Filippi, J.J., Brévard, H., Joulain, D., Baldovini, N., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 30(1), 2015, 26-82] [[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ffj.3227/pdf]]
+"The manufacture of vetiveryl acetate modulates the initial scent of vetiver essential oil by suppressing the notes brought by the main fragrant alcohols. While the impact of undesired odorant molecules such as phenol derivatives and geosmin is lowered, the major odour-active ketones such as khusimone, ziza-6(13)-en-3-ones, and the two vetivones develop their own odor characters in vetiveryl acetate." \\
+Main components of vetiveryl acetate preparations were β-vetivenene (~0-1%), ylangen-15-yl acetate (~0-1%), cyclocopacamphan-12-yl acetate A (~1-3%), cyclocopacamphan-12-yl acetate B (~1-3%), khusian-2-yl acetate (~1-2%), ziza-6(13)en-3α-yl acetate (~1-2%), β-funebren-14-yl acetate (~1-2%), β-vetivone (~2-3%), ziza-6(13)en-3β-yl acetate (~1-2%), isokhusimyl acetate (~0-2%), vetiselinenyl acetate (~3-10%), α-vetivone (~1-4%), khusimyl acetate (~11-27%), α-isonootkatyl acetate (~1-7%), and (E)-isovalencenyl acetate (~3-28%). \\
+[Tissandié, Loïc, et al. "Integrated comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatographic and spectroscopic characterization of vetiveryl acetates: Molecular identifications, quantification of constituents, regulatory and olfactory considerations." Journal of Chromatography A 1573 (2018): 125-150]
 The citrusy grapefruit character of vetiver oil originates from α-vetivone, β-vetivone, and nootkatone, earthy aspects are due to geosmine and nor-acorenone, and the creamy santal character mainly results from (E)-isovalencenol. The typical transparent woody-ambery character of vetiver is contributed by ziza-6(13)en-3-one (th 0.13 ng/L air) and 2-epi-ziza-6(13)en-3-one (th 0.029 ng/L air), now proved by synthesis of all (1R)-configured ziza-6(13)-en-3-one stereoisomers. \\
-[List, Benjamin, et al. "The Odorous Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2021, 60, 1-7] \\
+[Ouyang, Jie, et al. "The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis." Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 60.11 (2021): 5666] \\
-[[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anie.202014609]]
+[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986879/]]
-{{chrysopogon_zizanoides.jpg?800}} \\
+{{chrysopogon_zizanoides.jpg}} \\
 Chrysopogon zizanioides-seeding habit-Kokomo Haiku (2009) \\
  [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chrysopogon_zizanioides-seeding_habit-Kokomo_Haiku.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]], Author: Forest and Kim Starr  [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en|CC BY-SA 2.0]]