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--- cistus_ladanifer_l [2026/01/04 10:11] – andreas
+++ cistus_ladanifer_l [2026/01/04 10:19] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 12: / Zeile 12: @@
 Main components of hydrodistilled (leaves+twigs) Cistus oil were tricyclene+α-thujene (1.2%), α-pinene (40.8%), camphene (6.0%), para cymene (1.9%), limonene+β-phellandrene (1.9%), eucalyptol (2.9%), E-β-ocimene (1.1%), γ-terpinene (1.0%), terpinolene (1.8%), ledene (1.6%), ledol (2.6%), and viridiflorol (1.0%). Minor components were e.g. benzaldehyde (0.9%), linalool (0.5%), and ambrox (0.16%). \\
 [Moyler, D. A., R. A. Clery, and K. A. D. Swift. „Flavours and Fragrances.“ Special Publications No. 214 (1997): 96-115]
+|{{:trimethylcyclohexanone.jpg|2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone}} \\ 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone \\ //(thujonic)//| {{:alpha_pinene.jpg|α-pinene}} \\ α-pinene \\ //(resinous)// |{{:bornylacetate.jpg| bornyl acetate }} \\ bornyl acetate \\ //(pine needle)// |{{:viridiflorol.jpg| viridiflorol}} \\ viridiflorol \\ //(herbal)// | {{:ambrox.jpg|(-)-ambrox}} \\ (-)-ambrox \\ //(ambergris)// |
 Commercial labdanum oil contained more than 300 constituents. Of the 186 compounds identified (95% of the oil), 154 were neutral, and 32 acidic. Typical for labdanum oil were oxidized derivatives of C15-C20 ring systems (aromadendrane, cadinane, and labdane). \\
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 [Robles, Christine, et al. "Comparison of essential oil composition of two varieties of Cistus ladanifer." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31.3 (2003): 339-343]
-"Labdanum oil is a mixture of ca. 250 compounds... Only ten compounds, i.e., (-)α-pinene, (+)-camphene, pinocarveol, bornyl acetate, borneol, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, (Z)-ocimenone, (-)-allo-aromadendrene/(+)-ledene, (+)-ledol, and viridiflorol, occur in concentrations above 1%, however, these do not represent the complex odor profile of the oil. The odor character of labdanum oil is on the contrary determined by a large number of oxygenated trace compounds such as [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrox|(-)-ambrox]], 6-oxoisoambrox and a decahydronaphthalenol, which are responsible for the distinct ambery character... The smoky-leathery notes and the animalic undertones are caused by a complex of 25 phenols (1.5%)... The character-impact compound of oakmoss, methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate, is responsible for the powdery, moss-like undertones... Another constituent, 2-methyloctanoic acid, has a strong labdanoic odor on its own, (and) 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione... has a strong celery aroma." \\
+"Labdanum oil is a mixture of ca. 250 compounds... Only ten compounds, i.e., (-)α-pinene, (+)-camphene, pinocarveol, bornyl acetate, borneol, [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1009311.html|2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone]], (Z)-ocimenone, (-)-allo-aromadendrene/(+)-ledene, (+)-ledol, and viridiflorol, occur in concentrations above 1%, however, these do not represent the complex odor profile of the oil. The odor character of labdanum oil is on the contrary determined by a large number of oxygenated trace compounds such as [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrox|(-)-ambrox]], 6-oxoisoambrox and a decahydronaphthalenol, which are responsible for the distinct ambery character... The smoky-leathery notes and the animalic undertones are caused by a complex of 25 phenols (1.5%)... The character-impact compound of oakmoss, methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate, is responsible for the powdery, moss-like undertones... Another constituent, 2-methyloctanoic acid, has a strong labdanoic odor on its own, (and) 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione... has a strong celery aroma." \\
 [S.Escher, Firmenich SA, unpublished results; cited by Roman Kaiser, Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 313ff] \\
 see also [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 312-317]
-|{{:trimethylcyclohexanone.jpg|2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone}} \\ 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone \\ //(thujonic)//| {{:alpha_pinene.jpg|α-pinene}} \\ α-pinene \\ //(pine)//| {{:viridiflorol.jpg| viridiflorol}} \\ viridiflorol \\ //(herbal)// | {{:ambrox.jpg|(-)-ambrox}} \\ (-)-ambrox \\ //(ambergris)// |
+The most common compounds found in cistus essential oil are: α-pinene (0-56%), camphene (0-10%), limonene (0-2%), p-cymene (0-4%), 2,2,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone (0-11%), α-campholenic aldehyde (0-3%), bornyl acetate (2-3%), terpinen-4-ol (0-3%), allo-aromadendrene (0-1%),  trans-pinocarveol (0-7%), borneol (0-3%), myrtenol (0-2%), ledol (0-13%), viridiflorol (0-21%). The odor intensive ambrox is present at 0.8%. \\
-The most common compounds found in cistus essential oil are: α-pinene (0-56%), camphene (0-10%), limonene (0-2%), p-cymene (0-4%), [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1009311.html|2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone]] (0-11%), α-campholenic aldehyde (0-3%), bornyl acetate (2-3%), terpinen-4-ol (0-3%), allo-aromadendrene (0-1%),  trans-pinocarveol (0-7%), borneol (0-3%), myrtenol (0-2%), ledol (0-13%), viridiflorol (0-21%). The odor intensive ambrox is present at 0.8%. \\
 [Characterization of the Portuguese-grown Cistus ladanifer essential oil. Gomes, Paula B., Vera G. Mata, and A. E. Rodrigues. Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.17 (2), 2005, 160-165] [[http://teresacasimiro.com.sapo.pt/Bibliographic_References/21.pdf|PDF]] \\
 [Simultaneous distillation–extraction of high-value volatile compounds from //Cistus ladanifer// L., Teixeira, Salomé, et al., Analytica chimica acta 584.2, 2007, 439-446]