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| lavandula_x_intermedia [2015/06/13 09:39] – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1 | lavandula_x_intermedia [2025/11/09 13:52] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| Lavandula ×intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. - syn.Lavandula ×burnatii Briq. - Lamiaceae \\ | Lansium domesticum Corrêa - syn.Aglaia domestica (Correa) Pellegr.; Lansium javanicum Roem. - Meliaceae - lansat, ลางสาด (thai), **Lansibaum** |
| lavandin, Dutch lavender, **Spiklavendel** | |
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| "Lavandin, Lavandula × intermedia (also known as Dutch lavender), yields a similar essential oil, but with higher levels of terpenes including camphor, which add a sharper overtone to the fragrance." \\ | "The wood is locally used. The bark is bitter and used as medicine against all sorts of illnesses. The fruits are edible." \\ |
| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavandula]] | [[http://www.asianplant.net/Meliaceae/Lansium_domesticum.htm]] |
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| "This study compared agronomic traits and essential oil quantity and quality of 10 cultivars of certified organically-grown lavender (Lavandula spp). Results reported are based on the second year of production and is the first report of organically certified lavender oils. Lavandin cultivars (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) produced significantly higher oil yield (7.1–9.9% dry inflorescences) compared to six lavender cultivars (2.8–5.0% dry inflorescences), with cultivars ‘Grosso,’ ‘Abriallii’ and ‘Super’ yielding the highest (9.9%, 9.0%, and 8.7%, respectively). Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) ‘Grey Lady’ produced the highest oil yield (5.0%), and ‘Lady’ the least (2.8%). All lavandins produced acceptable flowers for the dried market except ‘Provence’ whose flower color was pale purple. Lavender flowers from ‘Hidcote,’ ‘Munstead’ and ‘English’ were acceptable for the dried floral market. By year two, lavender cultivars reached full bloom and could be harvested for oil prior to the lavandins. Lavandin ‘Grosso’ oil possessed the highest camphor (8.1 as relative % of total oil). Enantiomeric distribution of (R)-(-) and (S)-(+) forms of linalool and linalyl acetate were found to be useful indicators of the purity of lavender oils." \\ | There are several varieties with sweet and sour tasting fruits. [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansibaum|wikipedia]] |
| [Essential oil quantity and composition from 10 cultivars of organically grown lavender and lavandin., Renaud, E. N., Charles, D. J., Simon, J. E., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.13(4), 2001, 269-273] | |
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| "The monoterpene alcohol [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/lavandulol.htm|(-)-(R)-lavandulol]] and its acetate can be considered as biogenic internal standards for lavender/lavandin oils, because these irregular isoprenoids are not found in spike oil." \\ | L.domesticum var Dongon: longon, long kong, ลองกอง (thai), dokong (malai)\\ |
| [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 243] | L.domesticum var Duku: duku, ดูกู (thai), Dukubaum \\ |
| | [[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Lansium.html]] |
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| "In Turkey, Isparta province is known as valley of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) and lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. var. Super). This work aimed to assess the influence of the harvest time and drying temperature on the essential oil content and composition in lavandin which was harvested in four different dates (8, 15, 22 and 29 July 2005) and dried at four different temperature (30, 40, 50 and 60°C). The flower essential oil was extracted by distillation in Clevenger apparatus, and constituent concentrates were analyzed on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oils were obtained from the dry inflorescences without stem. The two major components of the essential oil were linalool and linalyl acetate. Harvest time influenced the final content of essential oil. Essential oil content decreased from the first harvest (8.25%) to the last harvest (7.30%). The highest linalool content (43.65%) was at the middle of the flowering season, and the highest linalyl acetate content (25.96%) was at the end of the flowering season. Essential oil composition was also importantly influenced by the oven-drying temperature. 75.7% of essential oil was lost during oven drying at 60°C compared to drying at 30°C. There was decreasing in concentrations of linalool (from 42.91 to 34.13%), and increasing in concentrations of linalyl acetate (26.11 to 32.55%), when comparing essential oil composition from 30°C to 60°C treatments." \\ | "There are two distinct botanical varieties; var. pubescens, the typical wild langsat which is a rather slender, open tree with hairy branchlets and nearly round, thick-skinned fruits having much milky latex and var. domesticum, called the duku, doekoe, or dookoo, which is a more robust tree, broad-topped and densely foliaged with conspicuously-veined leaflets; the fruits, borne few to a cluster, are oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid, |
| [Effects of harvest time and drying on essential oil properties in lavandin (Lavandula× intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.)., Baydar, H., Erbaş, S., In I International Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference on Culinary Herbs 826, 2007, 377-382)] | with thin, brownish skin, only faintly aromatic and containing little or no milky latex. The former is often referred to as the wild type but both varieties are cultivated and show considerable range of form, size and |
| | quality. There are desirable types in both groups. Some small fruits are completely seedless and fairly sweet." [[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Lansium_domesticum.PDF|Lansium domesticum (World of Agroforestry (PDF)]] (retrieved 20251109) |
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| "Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) oil has long been used in the fragrance and perfumery industry. Lavandin is a complementary crop to Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) for rose oil producers who need novel essential oil crops in Isparta region of Turkey. Although concrete, absolute and hydrosol are also produced from the lavandin flowers apart from lavandin oil, there are very limited studies on these products. The oil of var. Super grown in Isparta region was released from the glands in the flower inflorescences by steam distillation. Lavandin hydrosol (distillate water) was obtained from a by-product during the distillation. Concrete was extracted from the flower inflorescences using n-hexane, and subsequently by evaporation of the solvent in vacuum. Absolute was produced from the concrete with ethyl alcohol extraction. Essential oils from these products were analyzed on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Two major compounds were linalyl acetate and linalool, and the concentrations of both compounds were 47.7 % and 34.0 % in the oil, 46.6 % and 17.7 % in the concrete, 45.0 % and 17.2 % in absolute, respectively. Lavandin hydrosol contained 55.6 % linalool, but any linalyl acetate. Lavandin oil yield of the fresh inflorescences was about 1.2 % (5.8 % in dry flower heads). The yield of lavandin concrete was 0.9 % and the lavandin concrete gave 60 % of lavandin absolute." \\ | "The volatile constituents of the fruits of Lansium domesticum Correa (duku and langsat) and Baccaurea motleyana (Muell. Arg.) Muell. Arg. (rambai) were isolated by vacuum distillation with subsequent extraction of the distillates with dichloromethane. The concentrated extracts were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The volatile constituents of both duku and langsat fruits were dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, the most abundant of which was germacrene-D." \\ |
| [Scent composition of essential oil, concrete, absolute and hydrosol from lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.)., Baydar, H., Kineci, S., Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Vol.12(2), 2009, 131-136] | [Volatile constituents of the fruits of Lansium domesticum correa (Duku and Langsat) and Baccaurea motleyana (Muell. Arg.) Muell. Arg.(Rambai). Wong, K. C., Wong, S. W., Siew, S. S., Tie, D. Y., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.9(6), 1994, 319-324] |
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| | |{{:3mercaptohexanol.png|3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol}} \\ 3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol \\ //(grapefruit-like) // |{{:3mercaptohexylacetate.jpg|3-sulfanylhexyl acetate}} \\ 3-sulfanylhexyl acetate \\ //(tropical fruity, black currant-like) // | |
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| | "In langsat fruit, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol is accompanied by the corresponding acetate, which is first found in yellow passion fruit and later in Sauvignon wines..." \\ |
| | Analysis of L.domesticum (lansat) fruit juice showed germacrene-D (55%) as main volatile, accompanied by δ-cadinene (3%), α-cubebene (3.9%), hexadecanoic acid (3.5%), bicyclogermacrene (2.5%) and α-cadinol (1.9%). Minor components were e.g. aldehydes like (E)-2-hexenal (1.0%), nonanal (0.3%), decanal (0.3%), anisaldehyde (0.05%), and vanillin (0.1%), acids like hexanoic acid (0.9%), heptanoic acid (0.5%), octanoic acid 1.5%), nonanoic acid (0.4%), together with methyl trans-(Z)-jasmonate (0.02%) and fruit esters. 3-Sulfanylhexan-1-ol, its acetate and hexanoate are present in traces. \\ |
| | [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 241-242] |
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| | Major compounds of the total 43 volatiles found in longon were 1,3,5 trioxane (33%), (E)-2-hexenal (23%), α-cubebene (6%), [[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C21391991|α-calacorene]] (5%), isoledene (4%), copaene (4%), aromadendrene (3%), δ-selinene (3%), 3-carene (1%), and limonene (2%). \\ |
| | [Postharvest survey of volatile compounds in five tropical fruits using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Laohakunjit, N., Kerdchoechuen, O., Matta, F. B., Silva, J. L., Holmes, W. E., HortScience, Vol.42(2), 2007, 309-314] |
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| | {{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lansium_domesticum_Blanco1.117.png/640px-Lansium_domesticum_Blanco1.117.png?600}} \\ |
| | Blanco, M., Flora de Filipinas, t.117 (1875) [[http://botanicalillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=584030|botanicalillustrations.org]] |
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| | {{:lansium_dom.jpg|Lansium domesticum}}\\ |
| | Lansium domesticum, Keningau, Malaysia (2025) © Intan Nazuha [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?verifiable=true&taxon_id=327846|inaturalist.org]] |
