Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- pastinaca_sativa_l [2014/08/01 14:55] – andreas
+++ pastinaca_sativa_l [2024/07/02 07:10] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Apiaceae - parsnip, **Pastinak**
+Pastinaca sativa L.- syn.Pastinaca pratensis H.Mart.; Pastinaca opaca Bernh. - Apiaceae \\
+parsnip, **(Gemeiner) Pastinak**, Hammelmöhre
-Biennial herbaceous plant, when cultivated usually grown as annual, native to Europe and Asia; taproot long, thick, edible; branched stem hollow, grooved, 30-120 cm tall; leaves alternate, made up of 5 -15 egg shaped leaflets along both sides of a common stalk; leaflets sharply-toothed or lobed at the margins; yellow flowers are in a loose, compound umbel; fruits oval, flat, straw colored.
+Biennial herb, when cultivated usually grown as annual, up to 1m tall, native to Europe and Asia; taproot long, thick, white, edible; branched stem hollow, grooved, 30-120 cm tall; leaves alternate, made up of 5 -15 egg shaped leaflets along both sides of a common stalk; leaflets sharply-toothed or lobed at the margins; flowers yellow, in a loose, compound umbel; fruits oval, flat, straw colored.
 Several varieties of P. sativa have been described, as:\\
@@ Zeile 13: / Zeile 14: @@
 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsnip]] \\
 [[http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialplants/herbaceous/wildparsnip.html]]
+By headspace examination of the salt-saturated juice from raw roots, 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine (green earthy vegetable-like) has been found an olfactory important volatile component of parsnip. \\
+[Murray, Keith E., and Frank B. Whitfield. „The occurrence of 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines in raw vegetables.“ Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 26.7 (1975): 973-986]
+[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristicin|Myristicin]] is a main constituent (up to 44%) of the essential oil of P.sativa ssp.sativa var.hortensis roots. \\ [Variation of myristicin content in cultivated parsnip roots (Pastinaca sativa subspecies sativa var hortensis). Stahl, E. , Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.29(4), 1981, 890-892]
+| {{:myrapi.jpg|}} \\ myristicin (R=H)  | {{:methylanthranilate.jpg|methyl anthranilate}} \\ methyl anthranilate | {{:octanol_ac.jpg|}} \\ octanol (R=H) \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1003462.html|octyl acetate]] (R=Ac) |
+Main volatile compounds of the floral fragrance of P.sativa, collected at PorapakQ, were E/Z-β-ocimene (61%) and methylanthranilate (12%). Interesting minor components were octyl butyrate, linalool and geranyl acetate eg. \\
+[Volatile compounds from flowers of six species in the family Apiaceae: bouquets for different pollinators? Borg-Karlson, A.K., Valterová, I., Nilsson, L.A., Phytochemistry, Vol.35(1), 1993, 111-119]
 "The aliphatic esters octyl acetate and octyl butyrate occur as major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). We determined phenotypic variation and narrow-
-sense heritabilities of these octyl esters in wild parsnip fruits from 30 maternal families. The mean octyl acetate content was 1.56 μg/mg dry fruit (0.08–5.51 μg/mg dry fruit) and the mean octyl butyrate content
+sense heritabilities of these octyl esters in wild parsnip fruits from 30 maternal families. The mean octyl acetate content was 1.56 μg/mg dry fruit (0.08-5.51 μg/mg dry fruit) and the mean octyl butyrate content
-was 4.28 μg/mg dry fruit (1.28–14.22 μg/mg dry fruit)... mean content of furanocoumarines in mature wild parsnip fruits are bergapten 1.85 μg/mg, imperatorin 3.72 μg/mg, sphondin 0.31 μg/mg, xanthotoxin 4.02 μg/mg (Table)." [Heritability estimates for octyl acetate and octyl butyrate in the mature fruit of the wild parsnip. Carroll, M. J., A. R. Zangerl, and M. R. Berenbaum. Brief communication.  Journal of Heredity Vol.91 (1), 2000, 68-71] [[http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/91/1/68.full.pdf]]
+was 4.28 μg/mg dry fruit (1.28-14.22 μg/mg dry fruit)... mean content of furanocoumarines in mature wild parsnip fruits are bergapten 1.85 μg/mg, imperatorin 3.72 μg/mg, sphondin 0.31 μg/mg, xanthotoxin 4.02 μg/mg ..." \\
+[Heritability estimates for octyl acetate and octyl butyrate in the mature fruit of the wild parsnip. Carroll, M. J., A. R. Zangerl, and M. R. Berenbaum. Brief communication.  Journal of Heredity Vol.91 (1), 2000, 68-71] [[http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/91/1/68.full.pdf]]
@@ Zeile 23: / Zeile 35: @@
 concentrations. A comparison of US and NZ floral volatiles revealed significant differences in the proportional
 representation tion of seven compounds; NZ flowers emit a greater proportion of beta-pinene, trans-ocimene,
-ocimene, gamma-terpinene, gamma octyl butyrate and germacrene whereas US flowers emit a greater proportion of octanol and octyl acetate." [Implications of enemy escape on chemically mediated interactions with mutualists: wild parsnip pollination in two hemispheres. Tania Jogesh, Arthur Zangerl, Margaret C. Stanley, May R. Berenbaum, Journal of Pollination Ecology, 11(8), 2013, pp 57-67]
+ocimene, gamma-terpinene, gamma octyl butyrate and germacrene whereas US flowers emit a greater proportion of octanol and octyl acetate." \\
+[Implications of enemy escape on chemically mediated interactions with mutualists: wild parsnip pollination in two hemispheres. Tania Jogesh, Arthur Zangerl, Margaret C. Stanley, May R. Berenbaum, Journal of Pollination Ecology, 11(8), 2013, pp 57-67]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Illustration_Pastinaca_sativa0.jpg/640px-Illustration_Pastinaca_sativa0.jpg}}
+{{:pastinak.jpg?600}} \\
+Millspaugh, C.F., American medicinal plants, vol.1, t.63 (1892) \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=755114]]