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--- phlox_paniculata_l [2015/06/16 11:44] – andreas
+++ phlox_paniculata_l [2022/10/20 08:13] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Phlox paniculata L. - Polemoniaceae - garden phlox, **Hoher Stauden-Phlox**
+Phlox paniculata L. - Polemoniaceae - garden phlox, **Hoher Stauden-Phlox**, Rispige Flammenblume, Herbstflieder
-Perennial herb, 50-120cm high, native to eastern North America, along rivers and open woods. \\
+Perennial herb, 50-120cm high, native to eastern North America, along rivers and open woods, extensively cultivated as ornamental. \\
 [[http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHPA9]]
-"... but it is extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant...The flowers, 1.5–2.5cm in diameter, often fragrant, are white, pink, red, or purple, and borne in summer through fall (autumn). The flowers are grouped in panicles, hence the specific epithet paniculata." \\
+"The flowers, 1.5-2.5cm in diameter, often fragrant, are white, pink, red, or purple, and borne in summer through fall (autumn). The flowers are grouped in panicles, hence the specific epithet paniculata." \\
 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlox_paniculata]]
-The scent of the flowers is composed mainly of trans-β-ocimene, followed by phenylacetaldehyde and 2-phenylethanol. \\
+Main compounds of a dynamic headspace concentrate from violet Phlox flowers were phenylacetaldehyde (20%), benzaldehyde (5%), lilac alcohols (3%), linalool (2%), and 2-phenylethanol (0.4%). \\
-[Floral scents in butterfly‐pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition. Andersson, S., et al., Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol.140 (2), 2002, 129-153]
+[Volatile constituents of European bird cherry flowers (Padus avium Mill.). Surburg, H., Güntert, M., Schwarze, B.,Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.2(6), 1990, 307-316]
-{{:dsc01388k.jpg?600}}
+|{{:phenylacetaldehyde.jpg|phenylacetaldehyde}} \\ phenylacetaldehyde |{{:benzaldehyde.jpg|benzaldehyde}} \\ benzaldehyde |{{:phenylethanol.jpg| 2-phenylethanol}} \\ 2-phenylethanol |{{:lilac_alcohols.jpg|}} \\ lilac alcohols |{{:lilac_aldehydes.jpg|}} \\ lilac aldehydes |
+The fragrant volatiles of Phlox paniculata hybrids were collected by dynamic and vacuum headspace analysis. The product of the vacuum process contained mainly 2-phenyl ethanol (12-17%) and linalool (3-9%), together with 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-butanone (1-4%), 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2-butanone (3-7%) and 1-phenyl-2,3-butanediol (0.3-6%). Cinnamic alcohol was present only in the vaccum product. Phenylacetaldehyde (1-2%), benzaldehyde (0.3-5%) and benzyl alcohol (0.2-2%) have been found both in the dynamic headspace and in the vaccum headspace product. Furthermore, lilac alcohols, eugenol methyl ether, isoeugenol methyl ether and germacrene-D are additional volatiles of Phlox flowers. \\
+[Surburg et al., Volatile compounds from Flowers, in: Teranishi, R.;Buttery, R. G.;Sugisawa, H. Bioactive volatile compounds from plants. (Book) 1993, 170-171]
+The flower scent collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and analysed by GC-MS showed benzaldehyde (1.5%), phenylacetaldehyde (17.3%), 2-phenylethanol (10.2%), eugenol (1.5%), (Z)-β-ocimene (1.6%), (E)-β-ocimene (40.8%), linalool (3.8%), lilac alcohol A (1.2%), β-cubebene (1.6%), germacrene D (5.5%), 3-methylbutylnitrile (1.0%), 3-methyl syn-butyl aldoxime (2.0%), and 3-methyl anti-butyl aldoxime (1.1%) as main components. Minor components were e.g. methyl benzoate (0.1%), methyl salicylate (0.3%), benzyl alcohol (0.2%), myrcene (0.9%), the lilac aldehydes A/B/C/D (0.4/0.3/0.2/0.1%), lavandulol (0.1%), and the lilac alcohols B/C/D (0.1/0.2/0.6%). \\
+[Floral scents in butterfly‐pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition., Andersson, S., Nilsson, L.A., Groth, I., Bergström, G., Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 140(2), 2002, 129-153]
+Scent emission analysis of P.paniculata flowers showed the benzenoids, benzaldehyde (14-91 ng/hr/flower), 2-phenylacetaldehyde (14-61 ng/hr/flower) and methyl eugenol (11-47 ng/hr/flower) as main constituents, together with (E)-β-ocimene (13-28 ng/hr/flower). Other components were linalool, lilac aldehyde A, lilac aldehyde B, 2-phenyl acetonitrile, eugenol and methyl isoeugenol as well as nonanal and decanal. \\
+[Floral odor bouquet loses its ant repellent properties after inhibition of terpene biosynthesis., Junker, R.R., Gershenzon, J., Unsicker, S.B., Journal of chemical ecology, 37(12), 2011, 1323-1331]
+{{:phlox_pani.jpg?600}} \\
+Step,E., Bois,D., Favourite flowers of garden and greenhouse, vol.3 t 185 (1896-1897) [D.G.J.M. Bois] \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=780349]]
+{{:dsc01388k.jpg}} \\
+garden phlox, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska