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Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. - Lecythidaceae - Brazilnut, Paranut, Castanheiro do Para (braz.), Paranuss (-Baum)
Large tree, up to 50m tall, of the Amazon rainforest (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru); bark grayish, smooth; leaves dry-season deciduous, alternate, oblong, 20-35cm long; flowers in panicles, small, greenish-white; fruit a large spherical woody capsule, 10-15cm in diam., containing 8-24 triangular seeds 4-5cm long („Brazil nuts“).
„The capsule contains a small hole at one end, which enables large rodents like the agouti to gnaw it open. They then eat some of the seeds inside while burying others for later use; some of these are able to germinate into new Brazil nut trees. Most of the seeds are „planted“ by the agoutis in shady places, and the young saplings may have to wait years, in a state of dormancy, for a tree to fall and sunlight to reach it, when it starts growing again. Capuchin monkeys have been reported to open Brazil nuts using a stone as an anvil.“
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_nut
Studies suggests that humans distributed Brazil nut widely during the Holocene, „…which is strongly supported by the distribution of castanhais and the lack of old growth Brazil nut in some areas, such as part of the municipality of Manaus and much of the Juruá River basin. Along the Purus River, in southern Amazonia,
several populations have quite large seeds, suggesting incipient domestication.“
[Origin and domestication of native Amazonian crops., Clement, C. R., de Cristo-Araújo, M., Coppens D’Eeckenbrugge, G., Alves Pereira, A., Picanço-Rodrigues, D., Diversity, 2(1), 2010, 72-106] http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/2/1/72/htm
Bertholletia excelsa; Martius, C., Eichler, A.G., Urban, I., Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 14(1): f.. 18,2, t.60 (1858)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=139819&SID=0