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Justicia adhatoda L. - Acanthaceae - syn. Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees; Malbar nut, adatoda, vasaka, arusha, Indisches Lungenkraut, Malabarnuss
Evergreen dense shrub of northern India, naturalized in India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, up to 2.5m high, with unpleasant smell; stem bark yellowish; leaves simple, petioled, lanceolate to elliptic, entire; white flowers in axillary spikes; spikes with long peduncles; fruit a 4-seeded capsule, 2-2.5cm long, seeds 5-7mm in diameter.
„The original home is the Himalayan region of northern India. Today, this plant is available worldwide in the plant trade.“ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisches_Lungenkraut
The leaves contain the quinazoline alkaloids deoxyvasicine, vasicine (0.96%) and vasicinone (0.03%). Vasicine undergoes auto-oxidation to vasicinone, but the rate is very low.
„Vasicine has appreciable bronchodilatory effect and marked respiratory stimulant activities, whereas vasicinone shows relaxation of the tracheal muscle in vitro and bronchoconstriction in vivo. A detailed preclinical study revealed that vasicinone has a synergetic effect on vasicine in bronchodilation, as well as in increasing ciliary movements. It was also observed that the cardiac depressant effect manifested by vasicine was normalized by vasicinone. Vasicine and vasicinone mixed in 1 : 1 ratio has shown higher broncho-dilatory activity and antagonism against histamine induced bronchoconstriction as vasicine alone…“
[Quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in Adhatoda vasica
by high performance capillary electrophoresis. B. Avula, S. Begum, S. Ahmed, M. I. Choudhary, I.A.Khan, Pharmazie 63: 20-22 (2008)]
„Adhatoda vasica has been used in many ayurvedic formulations… Remarkable wound healing activity was observed with the ointment formulation of the methanol extract at 1% concentration.“
[Investigations on the phytochemical activities and wound healing properties of Adhatoda vasica leave in Swiss albino mice. Subhashini S., Kantha D. Arunachalam, African Journal of Plant Science Vol.5 (2), 2011, 133-145]
„Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceace) is a well known medicinal plant from which certain alkaloids, phenolics,
flavonoids, sterols and their glycoside derivatives have been isolated. Its diverse medicinal activities include cardiovascular protection, abortifacient, antitubercular, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic activities, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antitussive activities. It is commonly used in indigenous and traditional folk medicine system in South-East-Asia… It is used as an herbal remedy for treating cold, cough,
whooping cough and chronic bronchitis and asthma, as sedative expectorant, antispasmodic and anthelmintic. It is an official drug and is mentioned in the Pharmacopoeia of India. The leaves, roots, flowers and bark of Adhatoda are all used for medicinal purposes. It is well known for preparation of medicine for bronchitis, asthma and other pulmonary infections.“
[Adhatoda vasica Nees: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. Thokchom P Singh, Okram M Singh, Huidrom B Singh, The Natural Products Journal 01/2011; 1(29), 29-39]