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Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. - syn.Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC.; Crescentia pinnata Jacq. - Bignoniaceae
sausagetree, Leberwurstbaum
Evergreen or diciduous tree, 10-15(-30)m high, native to tropical Africa; leaves opposite, odd-pinnate, 20-60cm long; leaflets ovate, elliptic or obovate; flowers big, opening at night and falling down at morning, with unpleasant smell, variable in color; fruits long (30-90cm), thick (10-18cm), heavy (5-8kg), fleshy, grey, rounded on both ends, liverwurst-like, with scabrous bark and numerous seeds in the pulp.
„Kigelia africana is a plant used in Africa for anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-skin-aging effects. Various papers have reported on the composition and biological activities of its CH2Cl2 extracts and dermal formulations. Chemical analysis of a polar extract of fruit from K. africana indicated the presence of verminoside, an iridoid, as a major constituent, and of a series of polyphenols such as verbascoside. In vitro assays showed that 1 had significant anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting both iNOS expression and NO release in the LPS-induced J774.A1 macrophage cell line. Cytotoxicity and cutaneous irritation of the extract and of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated. The crude extract and 1 did not affect cell viability in vitro either in cells grown in monolayers (ML) or in the reconstituted human epidermis (RHE, 3D) model; neither caused release of pro-inflammatory mediators or histomorphological modification of RHE.“
[Anti-inflammatory Activity of Verminoside from Kigelia a fricana and Evaluation of Cutaneous Irritation in Cell Cultures and Reconstituted Human Epidermis., Picerno, P., Autore, G., Marzocco, S., Meloni, M., Sanogo, R., Aquino, R. P., Journal of natural products, Vol.68(11), 2005, 1610-1614]