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Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. - Fabaceae - bija (hindi), East Indian kino, Malabar kino, Andaman padauk, vengai padauk, Bastard-Teak, Malabar Kino Baum
Deciduous tree, up to 30m tall, native to India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
„Parts of the Indian Kino (heartwood, leaves, flowers) have long been used for their medicinal properties in Ayurveda. The heartwood is used as an astringent and in the treatment of inflammation and diabetes, for which it has been shown to be effective due to its high pterostilbene content.“
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_marsupium
„Serum lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia induced by diet as well as by Triton were determined after oral administration of EtOAc extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood and its flavonoid constituents, marsupsin, pterosupin, and liquiritigenin. Administration of EtOAc extract for 14 consecutive days produced a significant reduction of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol levels without any significant effect on the level of HDL-cholesterol.“
[Antihyperlipidemic effect of flavonoids from Pterocarpus marsupium., Jahromi, M.F., Ray, A.B., Chansouria, J.P.N., Journal of Natural Products, Vol.56(7), 1993, 989-994]
„The effect of administration of different doses of Pterocarpus santalinus L. bark extracts in normal and diabetic rats, on blood glucose levels was evaluated in this study. Among the three fractions (aqueous, ethanol and hexane), ethanolic fraction at the dose of 0.25 g/kg body weight showed maximum antihyperglycemic activity. The same dose did not cause any hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. The results were compared with the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide and the antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of PS bark at the dose of 0.25 g/kg b.w. was found to be more effective than that of glibenclamide.“
[Effect of oral administration of bark extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus L. on blood glucose level in experimental animals., Rao, B.K., Giri, R., Kesavulu, M.M., Apparao, C.H., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol.74(1), 2001, 69-74]
Preparations of the dried sap from the incised bark was known as (Malabar) kino used against diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, and for the treatment of the oral mucosa.
[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]
„The bark of the P. marsupium tree is rough, grey, longitudinally fissured and scaly. Older trees exude a blood-red gum resin. The tree’s heartwood is golden yellow, while its sapwood is pale yellow to white in color…
Some medicinal uses of P. marsupium as mentioned in ayurveda: Leaf - External application for boils, sores and skin diseases, stomach pain; bark - astringent, toothache; flower - fever; gum-kino - diarrhea, dysentery, leucorrhoea, passive haemorrhages
Although crude extracts from various parts of P. marsupium have medicinal applications from time immemorial, modern drugs can be developed after extensive investigation of its bioactivity, mechanism of
action, pharmacotherapeutics, and toxicity and after proper standardization and clinical trials.
[Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb-Biological activities and medicinal properties., Badkhane, Y., Yadav, A.S., Sharma, A.K., Raghuwanshi, D.K., Uikey, S.K., Mir, F.A., Murab, T., International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(4), 2010]
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
Roxburgh, W., Plants of the coast of Coromandel, vol. 2: t. 116 (1798)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=851585