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Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge - Lamiaceae - 丹參 dānshēn (chin.), red sage, Chinese sage, Rotwurzel-Salbei
Perennial herb, up to 80cm tall, native to Northeastern China, Manchuria, Japan; taproot thickened, succulent, scarlet outside; leaves simple to odd-pinnate, leaflets circular to broadly lanceolate; flowers white to mauve or violet..
var.miltiorrhiza: Leaves odd-pinnately compound; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate to broadly lanceolate. (Used medicinally for coronary diseases.)
var. charbonnelii Leaves simple, sometimes 3-foliolate; blades or leaflets orbicular to suborbicular.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020230
„Experimental studies have shown that DanShen dilated coronary arteries, increased coronary blood flow, and scavenged free radicals in ischemic diseases, so that it reduced the cellular damage from ischemia and improved heart functions. Clinical trials also indicated that DanShen was an effective medicine for angina pectoris, MI [myocardial infarct], and stroke.“
[Salvia miltiorrhiza and ischemic diseases., Ji, X.Y., Tan, B.K., Zhu, Y.Z., Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 21(12), 2000, 1089-1094]
Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza „ …markedly inhibited the production of NO, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and suppressed the expression of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the traditional use of S. miltiorrhiza as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine may be explained, in part, by the inhibition of NO, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, and expression of iNOS.“
[Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in activated RAW 264.7 cells., Jang, S.I., Jeong, S.I., Kim, K.J., Kim, H.J., Yu, H.H., Park, R., You, Y.O., Planta medica, 69(11), 2003, 1057-1059]
„Danshen is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of coronary heart diseases and other ailments. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the drug is well studied, and numerous abietane type diterpenoids and phenolic compounds have been characterized…
„Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, SM) is a popular traditional Chinese herb widely used in treating cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic diseases by improving circulation and resolving stasis. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), also known as lithospermates B or tanshinoate B, is a major water soluble component extracted from SM, which was well recognized as an antioxidative agent and free radical scavenger, involved in the protection of various cells, including nerve cells and hepatocytes. It was reported that SM and its aqueous extract, Sal B, produced a good effect in treating patients and animals with chronic renal diseases… Sal B can prevent tubular EMT [epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition] in the fibrotic kidney… the mechanism of Sal B is closely related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smads pathway, manifested as the inhibition of TGF-β1 expression, suppression of TβR-I expression and function, down-regulation of Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and restoration of the down-regulation of Smad7, as well as inhibition of MMP-2 activity.“
[] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874764/