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Solanum nigrum L. - Solanaceae - black nightshade, wonderberry, Schwarzer Nachtschatten
Annual herb, 10-80cm high, native to the northern hemisphere; whole plant deep green; leaves simple, ovate; flowers funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, white; mature berries black or seldom greenish-yellow.
A cytotoxic assay indicated that the steroidal glycosides solamargine is the main antineoplastic agent in S. nigrum.
[Antineoplastic agents. III: Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum., Hu, K., Kobayashi, H., Dong, A., Jing, Y., Iwasaki, S., Yao, X., Planta medica, 65(1), 1999, 35-38]
The saponin egalactotigonin, isolated from the whole plant of S.nigrum, was cytotoxic with IC50 values of 0.25−4.49 μM in four human tumor cell lines (HepG2, NCI-H460, MCF-7, SF-268).
[Steroidal saponins from Solanum nigrum., Zhou, X., He, X., Wang, G., Gao, H., Zhou, G., Ye, W., Yao, X., Journal of natural products, 69(8), 2006, 1158-1163]
„S. nigrum is widely used in many traditional systems of medicine worldwide for disparate ailments, but has not garnered attention for modern therapeutic use.“
[Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties., Jain, R., Sharma, A., Gupta, S., Sarethy, I. P., Gabrani, R., Altern Med Rev, 16(1), 2011, 78-85] http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/16/1/78.pdf
„Solanum nigrum L. (SNL), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb endowed with diuretic, antipyretic and hepatoprotective effects, has been used as a major ingredient of folk prescriptions for anticancer treatment in China… SM [Solamargine, a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside purified from SNL] significantly inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SM caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, SM could up-regulate the expression of caspase-3… SM exerted potential anticancer activity on SMMC-7721 cells in vitro through the activation of caspase-3 and the regulation of the cell cycle progression to induce apoptosis and inhibit hepatoma cells proliferation.“
[Induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by solamargine from Solanum nigrum L., Ding, X., Zhu, F.S., Li, M., Gao, S.G., Journal of ethnopharmacology, 139(2), 2012, 599-604]
Sturm, J., Krause, E.H.L., Lutz, K.G., Flora von Deutschland in Abbildungen nach der Natur, Zweite Auflage, vol.10, t.16 (1903)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_nigrum?uselang=de#/media/File:Solanum_nigrum_Sturm16.jpg
http://caliban.mpipz.mpg.de/sturm/flora10/high/IMG_10020.html