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--- dolomiaea_costus_falc._kasana_a.k.pandey [2026/02/01 08:57] – angelegt andreas
+++ dolomiaea_costus_falc._kasana_a.k.pandey [2026/02/01 12:12] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 10: / Zeile 10: @@
 From 31 March 2006 fragrances sold in the EU shall no longer contain costus root oil. [[https://web.archive.org/web/20200923171820/http://www.intertek.com/uploadedFiles/Intertek/Divisions/Consumer_Goods/Media/PDFs/Sparkles/2005/sparkle204.pdf|EU Cosmetics Update June 2005]] (archived, retr. 20260201)
-"Apart from the well-known constituents (+)-β-selinene (2), (−)-β-elemene (4), (+)-β-costol (7), (−)-caryophyllene (17), and (−)-elemol (19) the following sesquiterpenoids have been isolated for the first time from costus root oil (Saussurea lappa CLARKE): (−)-α-selinene (1), (+)-selina-4, 11-diene (3), (−)-α-trans-bergamotene (5), (−)-α-costol (6), (+)-γ-costol (8), (−)-elema-1,3,11 (13)-trien-12-ol (9), (−)-α-costal (11), (+)-γ-costal (12), (+)-γ-costal (13), (−)-elema-1,3,11 (13)-trien-12-al (elemenal, 14), (−)-(E)-trans-bergamota-2,12-dien-14-al (15 [bergamotenal]), (−)-ar-curcumene (16), and (−)-caryophyllene oxide (18). " \\
+"Apart from the well-known constituents (+)-β-selinene, (-)-β-elemen, (+)-β-costol, (-)-caryophyllene, and (-)-elemol the following sesquiterpenoids have been isolated for the first time from costus root oil (Saussurea lappa CLARKE): (-)-α-selinene, (+)-selina-4,11-diene, (-)-α-trans-bergamotene, (-)-α-costol, (+)-γ-costol, (-)-elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol, (-)-α-costal, (+)-γ-costal, (+)-γ-costal, (-)-elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-al (elemenal), (-)-(E)-trans-bergamota-2,12-dien-14-al (bergamotenal), (-)-ar-curcumene, and (-)-caryophyllene oxide. " \\
 [Maurer, Bruno, and Alfred Grieder. "Sesquiterpenoids from costus root oil (Saussurea lappa Clarke)." Helvetica chimica acta 60.7 (1977): 2177-2190]
-| {{:ionone_alpha_er.jpg| α-ionone}} \\ α-ionone \\ //(sweet woody)// | {{:ionone_beta.jpg|β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone \\ //(sweet woody)//|{{:7z10z13zhexadecatrienal.jpg|(7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienal}} \\ (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienal \\ //(seaweed-like)// | {{:bergamotenal.jpg|bergamotenal}} \\ bergamotenal \\ //(strong woody)// |
+|{{:ionone_alpha_er.jpg| α-ionone}} \\ α-ionone \\ //(sweet woody)// |{{:ionone_beta.jpg|β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone \\ //(sweet woody)//|{{:7z10z13zhexadecatrienal.jpg|(7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienal}} \\ (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienal \\ //(seaweed-like)// |{{:bergamotenal.jpg|bergamotenal}} \\ bergamotenal \\ //(strong woody)// |
-The most abundant volatile aroma constituent of costus root oil from Korea and China was (7Z,10Z,13Z)-7,10,13-hexadecatrienal (21-23%, with a seaweed-like odor). Other major components were [[http://www.chemblink.com/products/477-43-0.htm|dehydrocostus lactone]] (10%), β-elemene (4-5%), valerenol (4-5%), α-curcumene, α-selinene, α-ionone (2.4-2.9%), (+)-γ-costol, elemol, geranyl acetone (1.1-1.3%), and β-ionone (1.1-1.9%) e.g. \\
+The most abundant volatile aroma constituent of costus root oil from Korea and China was (7Z,10Z,13Z)-7,10,13-hexadecatrienal (21-23%, with a seaweed-like odor). Other major components were [[http://www.chemblink.com/products/477-43-0.htm|dehydrocostus lactone]] (10%, a sesquiterpene lactone with α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone structure), β-elemene (4-5%), valerenol (4-5%), α-curcumene, α-selinene, α-ionone (2.4-2.9%), (+)-γ-costol, elemol, geranyl acetone (1.1-1.3%), and β-ionone (1.1-1.9%) e.g. \\
 [Comparison of Volatile aroma components from Saussurea Lappa CB Clarke Root Oils., Chang, K.M., Kim, G.H., J Food Sci Nutr, Vol.13, 2008, 128-33] [[http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kfn/E1FSA3/2008/v13n2/E1FSA3_2008_v13n2_128.pdf|PDF]]
@@ Zeile 21: / Zeile 21: @@
 [Essential oil composition and larvicidal activity of Saussurea lappa roots against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Liu, Zhi Long, et al., Parasitology research, Vol.110(6), 2012, 2125-2130]
-"The volatile constituents were isolated from the root of S costus cultivated in Chamoli district of Uttrarakhand by hydro distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)... A total 35 aroma compounds representing about 92.81% of the total composition were identified. Aldehyde like (7Z,10Z,13Z)-7,10,13-hexadecaterienal (25.5%) was found as a major compound including other ketones like dehydrocostus lactone (16.7%), alcohols like elemol (5.84%), γ-costol (1.80%), vulgarol B (3.14%), valerenol (4.20%), and terpinen-4-ol (1.60%), etc. Esters and acids were found to be completely absent..." \\
+"The volatile constituents were isolated from the root of S.costus cultivated in Chamoli district of Uttrarakhand by hydro distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)... A total 35 aroma compounds representing about 92.81% of the total composition were identified." An aldehyde, (7Z,10Z,13Z)-7,10,13-hexadecaterienal (25.5%), was a major component, together with dehydrocostus lactone (16.7%), alcohols like elemol (5.84%), γ-costol (1.80%), vulgarol B (3.14%), valerenol (4.20%), and terpinen-4-ol (1.60%). \\
 [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3719259/|Volatile constituents of Saussurea costus roots cultivated in Uttarakhand Himalayas, India., Gwari, G., Bhandari, U., Andola, H.C., Lohani, H., Chauhan, N., Pharmacognosy research, Vol.5(3), 2013, 179]]
@@ Zeile 39: / Zeile 39: @@
 {{:dolomiaea_cos.jpg?700|Dolomiaea costus}} \\
 Dolomiaea costus, India (2021) © Rajendra Koranga [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=1420140|inaturalist.org]]